This machine was invented in 1892 by Rudolf Diesel, who received a patent on February 23, 1893. Diesel wanted a machine to be used with a variety of fuels including coal dust. She perform at Exposition Universelle (World Fair) in 1900 using peanut oil.
How diesel engines work
When air is compressed its temperature will rise , diesel engines use this property to the combustion process. Air is drawn into the fuel the diesel engine and compressed by the piston against, far higher than the compression ratio of gasoline engines. Shortly before the piston at Top Dead Point position (TMA) or BTDC (Before Top Dead Center), diesel fuel is injected into the engine at high pressure through a nozzle to mix with the hot air of high pressure. The results of this mixing and burning burning quickly. Spraying fuel into the engine start when the piston is near (very near) TMA to avoid detonation. Spraying fuel directly into the engine on the piston-called direct injection (direct injection) while spraying fuel into a special room that was directly related to the main fuel in which the piston is called indirect injection (indirect injection).
This explosion causes the gas enclosed in the combustion chamber expands rapidly, pushing the piston down and producing a linear force. Connecting rod (connecting rod) to channel this movement to the crankshaft and the crankshaft power was converted to linear power play. Power play at the end of the crankshaft axis used for various purposes.
To improve the ability of diesel engines, are generally added components:
* Turbocharger or supercharger to increase the volume of air entering the engine because the air entering the engine is driven by the turbine in turbo / supercharger.
* Intercooler to cool the air that will enter the engine. Volume of hot air will rise and vice versa, then the cooled air that aims to occupy space can burn more.
The diesel engine is difficult to live in a time machine in cold conditions. Some machines use a small electronic heaters called fire plugs (spark / glow plug) in the cylinder to heat the fuel before ignition engine. Others use heaters "resistive grid" in the "intake manifold" to warm the air intake until the engine reaches operating temperature. After operating the engine fuel combustion in the cylinder with the effective heat machines.
In very cold weather, diesel fuel thickens and increases viscositas and form crystals or gel candles. This can affect the fuel system from tank to the nozzle, making ignition engine in cold weather becomes difficult. Common way used is to heat the fuel filter and fuel lines electronically.
For electric generator applications, an important component of the diesel engine is the governor, which controls the fuel supply to the engine rotation is always the desired rotation. If the machine turns off too much power quality will drop out so that electrical equipment can not work properly, whereas if the engine rev too high it can lead to over-voltage that can damage electrical equipment. Modern diesel engines use sophisticated electronic controls to reach this goal through the electronic control module (ECM) or electronic control unit (ECU) - which is a "computer" in the machine. ECM / ECU receives engine speed signals through sensors and use a search algorithm and calibration tables stored in the ECM / ECU, he controls the amount of fuel and time through electronic or hydraulic actuators to regulate the engine speed.
Types of diesel engines
There are two classes of diesel engines: two-stroke and four-stroke. many large diesel engine type two-stroke engine. Smaller engines generally use a type of four-stroke engine.
Usually the number of cylinders in multiples of two, although any number of cylinders can be used for the crankshaft can be balanced to prevent excessive vibration. Inline-6 is produced in most medium-duty engines to heavy-duty, although the V8 and a straight-4 also produced.
Advantages and disadvantages compared with the engine spark plugs fire
For the same power output, diesel engine size greater than gasoline engines because of construction required in order to survive in a high pressure for combustion or ignition. With such a large construction modification enthusiasts relatively easy and inexpensive to improve the energy with the addition of a turbocharger without thinking too much about the resilience of the components of high preasure. Gasoline engines need a more accurate calculation for the modification because the increase in general energy components in it are not able to withstand high pressures, and makes diesel engines for engine modification candidates at low cost.
Adding a turbocharger or supercharger to the engine aims to increase the amount of air into the engine as such at the time of compression will result in a high pressure and at the time of ignition or combustion will produce great power. Adding a turbocharger or supercharger on a diesel engine does not greatly affect fuel consumption because the fuel is injected directly into the engine when the engine in a state of highest compression in order to trigger ignition combustion process occurs. While the addition of a turbocharger or supercharger on gasoline engines greatly affect fuel consumption because of air and fuel mixed with the right composition before entering the engine, good for petrol engines with a carburetor system or injection system.
